How is meningitis diagnosed?

Meningitis is diagnosed primarily through a multi-faceted approach, which includes laboratory tests and imaging studies. The correct option highlights the importance of obtaining cultures and laboratory results, as these are critical in identifying the specific pathogens causing the infection, such as bacteria or viruses. Cultures from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained through a lumbar puncture are particularly essential because they can confirm the diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment.

Additionally, the use of a CT scan is crucial to rule out complications such as increased intracranial pressure before performing a lumbar puncture, which could otherwise lead to serious consequences.

While symptoms and physical examinations can provide initial indicators suggestive of meningitis, they are not definitive for diagnosis. Blood tests are also helpful but do not provide as clear an indication of meningitis as CSF analysis does. Thus, the combination of cultures, lab results, and imaging studies outlines the comprehensive diagnostic process essential for accurate identification and treatment of meningitis.