What are the approved sites for intraosseous (IO) access in pediatric emergencies?

Intraosseous (IO) access is a vital technique used in pediatric emergencies for rapid medication administration and fluid resuscitation, especially when intravenous access is challenging. The primary approved sites for IO access in children are the medial tibia and the femur.

The medial tibia is preferred due to its accessibility and the safety of the surrounding structures. It allows for straightforward insertion, and the intraosseous space provides direct access to the vascular system, which is crucial in emergency situations where every second counts. The femur can also be used, particularly in larger children or when situations necessitate it.

Using other sites such as the humerus and clavicle may not be ideal for IO access in the pediatric population due to anatomical considerations and comfort during insertion. The wrist and ankle are also not recommended due to their anatomy and the increased risk of complications. Understanding the appropriate sites is essential for providing effective and timely care in emergencies involving pediatric patients.