What condition is commonly referred to as 'blue baby syndrome'?

The condition commonly referred to as 'blue baby syndrome' is more accurately associated with excessive nitrates in water. This syndrome results from elevated levels of nitrates in drinking water, which can lead to a condition called methemoglobinemia, particularly in infants. In this situation, nitrate converts hemoglobin in the blood into methemoglobin, which cannot efficiently carry oxygen. As a result, the infant may present with a bluish discoloration of the skin, especially around the lips and extremities, indicating inadequate oxygenation.

This syndrome highlights the importance of monitoring environmental factors, particularly water quality, as they can directly impact the health of vulnerable populations, such as infants. It underscores the need for health education regarding safe drinking water and awareness of the potential sources of nitrate contamination, primarily from agricultural runoff.