Which two components of the primary survey are best assessed through examination of the fontanelle?

The assessment of a child's fontanelle is particularly important for evaluating certain components of the primary survey, notably circulation and disability.

By examining the fontanelle, clinicians can gain insights into the child's circulatory status. A bulging fontanelle may indicate increased intracranial pressure, which can occur in conditions like hemorrhage or severe dehydration. Conversely, a sunken fontanelle may suggest dehydration and inadequate circulation. Thus, the fontanelle serves as a valuable indicator of the circulatory system's effectiveness in delivering oxygen and nutrients.

Furthermore, the fontanelle can also provide clues about the child's neurological status, linking it to the disability assessment. An abnormal appearance of the fontanelle might signify underlying neurological issues, such as swelling or signs of distress, which are critical to identifying quickly in an emergency setting.

In contrast, other components of the primary survey are effectively assessed through different clinical signs and examinations that are not reliant on the fontanelle. Therefore, focusing on circulation and disability through the examination of the fontanelle offers significant insights into the child's overall condition.